Virus Expression Database
Submitted by Hamid Reza Pourianfar (Culture and Research, Iran) on Dec 07 2011
Platform: microarray – [HuGene-1_0-st] Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array [transcript (gene) version]
Pubmed: 24281657
Summary We have previously shown that Heparin (Hep) significantly inhibited Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection and binding in both Vero and a human neural cell line, SK-N-SH, in vitro. Therefore, in this study we intended to gain insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of Hep against clinical EV71 infection in neural cells. Instead of stating a long list of gene functions and pathways, we tried to select for EV71-induced genes that were exclusively affected by antiviral activity of Hep through a multi-level comparison and characterization.
Overall, the findings of this study suggest several molecular targets by which Hep might exert its antiviral activity against clinical EV71 infection in neural cells. Mostly, Hep appeared to modulate induction effect of EV71 on several genes in a way that may benefit the host cell and inhibit the viral infection. The most important genes where expression patterns were significantly changed by Hep include genes related to; (i) cell growth, (ii) DNA repair and replication, (iii) cytoplasmic microfilaments and related apoptosis, (iv) regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrion-related apoptosis, (v) cytoplasmic viral transport, (vi) transmembrane proteins and the related signaling pathways, (vii) phosphoribosyltransferase, (viii) transcription factors, (ix) G protein-coupled receptors and G protein-coupled receptors-interacting proteins, (x) remodeling actin filament assembly, (xi) chemokin receptors, and (xii) immunosuppression. In addition, Hep sometimes appeared to be harmful for cells, like the case in that Hep likely suppresses regulation of Metallothionein 1E. Furthermore, it should not be ignored that the Hep-caused affects seen in this microarray analysis may partially be attributed to a significant inhibitory effect of Hep on EV71 entry into the cells.
In conclusion, we propose that our microarray findings may suggest new directions for further studies on molecular targets of anti-EV71 activity of Hep. EV71 is a neurovirological virus that can cause severe and fatal CNS complications in infected patients. There is no approved drug for prophylaxis of EV71-casued disease and discovering a molecular drug target(s) for EV71 infection would be beneficial. The microarray analysis reported here was a large-scale microarray pilot study and thus further confirmatory experiments such as real time RT PCR and Western blotting would be warranted in order to confirm the mode of action of Hep implied here.
| ID | Title | Cell Type | Timepoint | Reported Virus | Virus Species | Exclusion Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSM845244 | neural cells_cell control_Rep 1 | neuroblastoma cell line  [SK-N-SH  ] |
uninfected | Uninfected | ||
| GSM845245 | neural cells_cell control_Rep 2 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
uninfected | Uninfected | ||
| GSM845246 | neural cell_cell control_Rep2 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
uninfected | Uninfected | ||
| GSM845247 | neural cell_compound control_Rep1 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
uninfected | Uninfected | Extra interventions treated with Heparin |
|
| GSM845248 | neural cell_compound control_Rep2 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
uninfected | Uninfected | Extra interventions treated with Heparin |
|
| GSM845249 | neural cell_compound control_Rep3 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
uninfected | Uninfected | Extra interventions treated with Heparin |
|
| GSM845250 | neural cell_treatment_Rep1 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
EV71 | Enterovirus A | Extra interventions treated with Heparin |
|
| GSM845251 | neural cell_treatment_Rep2 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
EV71 | Enterovirus A | Extra interventions treated with Heparin |
|
| GSM845252 | neural cell_treatment_Rep3 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
EV71 | Enterovirus A | Extra interventions treated with Heparin |
|
| GSM845253 | neural cell_virus control_Rep1 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
EV71 | Enterovirus A | ||
| GSM845254 | neural cell_virus control_Rep2 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
EV71 | Enterovirus A | ||
| GSM845255 | neural cell_virus control_Rep3 | neuroblastoma cell line [SK-N-SH ] |
EV71 | Enterovirus A |